This chapter introduces the key ideas at the heart of the STRINGS project. It explores: • the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) • the complex relationship between the SDGs and science, technology and innovation (STI) • the challenge of how to better align STI activities with the goals It then explains how the STRINGS project aims to tackle some of these complex issues by providing evidence and tools that help to illustrate and better understand misalignments between STI and the SDGs, and ultimately to inform the prioritizing of particular STI pathways in relation to specific SDG challenges.