This essay is a sustained critical reflection on transnationalism as a critical term. With my co-writer, Tara Stubbs, I consider the writers who have influenced the field, like Dimock and Ramazani, and suggest ways in which we might understand and use the term 'transnationalism' more politically, usefully and flexibly. We address the relation between the transnational and the postcolonial and we disentangle notions of neoliberal globalisation from a more progressive understanding of how individuals, social classes, communities, localities and even artworks themselves might communicate across global boundaries and create new dialogues.