The chemical, thermal and electronically advantageous properties of the naphthalene diimide (NDI) motif have led to its incorporation in a range of high performance polymeric materials and devices. This chapter uses notable examples from the literature to illustrate how NDI and its congeners have been incorporated into semi-conducting devices including field effect transistors and organic light emitting diodes, sensors for a variety of analytes and also supramolecular materials that possess healing properties and interactions with DNA.