With the provision of HIV medicine in South Africa, emergent concerns around access to newer medical technologies that have fewer side effects call a set of global actors into focus. These actors include Brazilian activists who have a long history of mobilizing the government for access to emerging medical technologies. Chapter 6 draws South Africa’s and Brazil’s history of activism into dialogue, debunking the notion that Brazil can be solely understood as an ‘activist state’ and exploring some of the current challenges facing people living with HIV in both countries.