This paper laid the groundwork for seminal comparative research explaining how former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe deal with the functionaries of and collaborators with the communist security services. As well as making an important conceptual and empirical contribution in its own right, it proposes a new framework for understanding why how and why this issue recurs in post-communist states based on the notion of `the politics of present' that goes beyond traditional explanations that focus on the nature of the previous regime, the dynamics of the transitions and early elite turnover.