Enclosure as internal colonisation: the subaltern commoner, terra nullius, and the settling of England’s ‘wastes’

In the past decade scholars of the here-and-now have (re)discovered the concept of enclosure, applying it with considerable zeal and in a bewildering variety of situations from the securitisation of the internet, patenting genes, to attempts to privatise urban 'public' spaces, the English 'enclosure story' is presented as a given, a narrative that is set in stone. One critical aspect of this account is that enclosure was exported to Britain's overseas colonies in a one way process. This paper shows, however, that from the early sixteenth century - and defiantly so from the late eighteenth century - arguments for the enclosure of English commons and wastes were framed using techniques and discourses deployed overseas: the languages and practices of colonialism. Commons and wastes, so the paper argues, were not just increasingly seen as empty spaces but the peoples that inhabited them written as if they were uncivilised and unable to manage the land. Further, arguments for the enclosure of wastes were also made as an alternative to Britain's overseas imperialism. The paper traces a variety of debates and proposals that collectively constitute a coherent body of 'internal colonial' thought.