Monitoring the trade in bat taxidermy and specimens on e-commerce platforms

Wildlife trade is a major economic activity but can pose a threat to many species. Previous research has focused on the trade of bats (Chiroptera) for food and medicine but little is known about the online, international trade in bat taxidermy and specimens, which is thought to be an emerging threat. We aimed to characterise this trade by sampling two major e-commerce platforms over an 18-month period. We used an automated pipeline, whereby data were accessed programmatically; filtered using a neural-network classifier; and the locations and species mentioned in relevant listings were identified using Named Entity Recognition. We retrieved 40,412 relevant results, representing 2363 and 2116 unique listings from Etsy and eBay, respectively. Although the accuracy of listings could not be verified, most (57 %) provided species-level information. Hence, 47 bat species were listed for sale, of which 32 are not currently identified by the IUCN Red List as traded for any purpose. The highest number of listings were sold from USA, Hong Kong and the UK, whilst traded species' ranges were predominantly located in South East Asia. We provide one of the first longitudinal datasets on the online bat trade, indicating that several species are being traded at potentially high volumes, with demand from North America and Europe driving exploitation in South East Asia. This is concerning for highly-traded species which occur at low densities, such as the painted wooly bat Kerivoula picta. Our automated pipeline can be used for subsequent monitoring of this trade, or could be adapted for monitoring of trade in other taxa.