Reading comprehension is crucial for all school subjects and is essential for lifelong learning. As a result, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of reading comprehension in many domains of life. This article builds on many of the conclusions of the National Reading Panel (NRP) in the U.S. (NICHD, 2000), in particular the recommendations from the reviews of Vocabulary Instruction and Text Comprehension Instruction. Here, we aim to bring the reader up to date on research findings related to reading comprehension in particular. Given space limitations, this is just a brief overview, which we hope will build a foundation of professional knowledge and stimulate further reading on this topic.