Women's movements constantly innovate in response to changing social and political circumstances, yet they pose strikingly consistent questions for those who wish to study them. What methods are the most effective, and the most ethical, for capturing their nature, flavour and effects? How should we understand relationships between women of different classes, ethnicities, religions, sexualities, or more broadly, the many structural, locational and cultural differences between women and within gender? How do place, space and nation define, enable and condition women's movements? And how do we know what influence movements have really had? This "special cluster" of papers grew out of two research projects' attempts to find answers to those troubling questions, and to share practical "solutions" to them