Okebe_PRINOGAM study protocol asymptomatic low dose Gambia G6PD normal_Trials 2015.pdf (954.52 kB)
The gametocytocidal efficacy of primaquine in malaria asymptomatic carriers treated with dihydroartemisinin piperaquine in The Gambia (PRINOGAM): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 17:05 authored by Joseph Okebe, Teun Bousema, Muna Affara, GianLuca DiTanna, Chi EziefulaChi Eziefula, Musa Jawara, Davis Nwakanma, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Chris Drakeley, Umberto D’AlessandroBackground: Finding efficacious tools to decrease and interrupt malaria transmission is essential to sustain the gains in malaria control and contain the emergence of artemisinin resistance. Primaquine is effective against Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and recommended for treatment campaigns in (pre-)elimination settings. Safety concerns preclude its use in endemic African countries with variable proportions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. The efficacy of the current recommended dose needs to be evaluated, particularly in individuals with an asymptomatic malaria infection. Methods/design: This is a four-arm, open label, randomized controlled trial that aims to determine and compare the effect of three different single doses of primaquine combined with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, an artemisinin-based combination therapy, on gametocyte carriage in asymptomatic, malaria infected, G6PD-normal individuals. Approximately 1,200 participants are enrolled and followed for 42 days, with the primary endpoint being the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage at day 7 of follow-up determined by quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay. Direct membrane feeding experiments to determine infectiousness to mosquitoes are conducted as a biological secondary endpoint. Discussion: Sub-Saharan Africa, with a relatively high but poorly characterized G6PD prevalence, could potentially benefit from the use of primaquine to further reduce or interrupt malaria transmission. However, G6PD screening may not be feasible given the cost and difficulties in interpreting test results in terms of risk of haemolysis. Because the haemolytic effect of primaquine is dose-dependent, determining the minimal gametocytocidal and transmission-blocking dose of primaquine is extremely important to help address public health concerns over its safety and validate the efficacy of lower than recommended dosages. By including infectiousness to mosquitoes, the trial provides complementary evidence for the potential of the drug to interrupt transmission to mosquitoes.
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Published version
Journal
TrialsISSN
1745-6215Publisher
BMCExternal DOI
Issue
70Volume
16Page range
1-7Department affiliated with
- Global Health and Infection Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2019-02-28First Open Access (FOA) Date
2019-02-28First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2019-02-28Usage metrics
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