This report makes recommendations for the development of programmatic HIV/AIDS prevention work with males who have sex with males (MSM) in Lao PDR and Thailand. The recommendations made derive from a consultation process commissioned by Pact, and undertaken by an external consultant, Paul Boyce, working for the Naz Foundation International (NFI), conducting the assessment in Thailand, along with Shivananda Khan of NFI, conducting the Lao PDR review. The objective of the study was to provide evidence-based knowledge towards developing a comprehensive client-friendly outreach and peer-education focused interventions for MSM in both Lao PDR and Thailand. This involved identifying key services in target areas and the gaps that existed, along with key individuals and organisations working with MSM, as well as potential organisations that can be sub-grantees, while recommending a programmatic strategy form increasing coverage of key services. Further key capacity building needs of nascent organisations were also to be identified. A three-week field visit to Thailand was carried out in February and March 2005, focusing on three regional sites identified by Pact and USAID as hotspots,1 and most appropriate for the initial phase of programmatic development – Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Pattaya. In Lao PDR, a one-week study visit between 16th – 26th March, 2005 focused on Luang Prabang, Savannakhet, and Vietianne, identified in a USAID conducted workshop on 17th March 2005 as current hotspots in this country. (See the annexure for a caveat to the hotspot approach.) In Thailand, field research explored existing HIV/AIDS interventions among males who have sex with males, assessing the best strategies to augment current community-based interventions and expand coverage of their HIV/AIDS prevention work. In Lao PDR, where HIV/AIDS interventions are implemented by international non-government agencies (INGOs), and in one specific case by the government sponsored Lao Buddhist Association, and where no community-based organising exists,2 field research focused on those who were developing responses to the needs of males who have sex with males, and/or who wished to. Due to a lack of knowledge by those accessed by the review, and time constraints, actual costings have not been done on the recommended interventions. Further work will need to be done to assist potential implementers to develop appropriate budgets.